被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有何關(guān)系

描述的角度不同唄

表示謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式叫做語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者
1）若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom_
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
結(jié)構(gòu):1.行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.
be有人稱.時(shí)態(tài).數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣.
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
一般將來(lái)時(shí) will +be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has+been+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
否定式:是在助動(dòng)詞 be 或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not構(gòu)成
疑問(wèn)式:是把上述助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前,句尾加問(wèn)號(hào)構(gòu)成.

用法: 1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí),或沒(méi)有必要或不想指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.
eg. The window was broken yesterday.
Is English taught in your school?

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者,此時(shí)如想同時(shí)指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可用“by +動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者(賓格)來(lái)表示.
eg.The red dress was made by her mother.
The letter must be written by me.

注 意
點(diǎn)： 1.只有及物動(dòng)詞能構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 不及物動(dòng)詞不能構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
2.某些不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞.副詞搭配構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,帶有賓語(yǔ)時(shí),則有了動(dòng)作的承受者,這時(shí)應(yīng)把它們看作一個(gè)整體,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不能丟掉其中的介詞,常用的有l(wèi)ook after,take care of,cut down, laugh at,talk about,turn on等
eg.Catherine always takes care of the little girl.
→The little girl is always taken care of by Carherine.

3.有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)本身即是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式, 不要再加by 短語(yǔ),常用的有
be covered with be surprised at
be interested in be worried about
be made of/from be known to
4.某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但含有被動(dòng)的意思.
eg. This dictionary sells well.
This kind of car drives fast.
The woolen sweater costs $ 88.

5.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的相互變化關(guān)系
主動(dòng)句: 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)
(動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者) (動(dòng)作承受者)
被動(dòng)句: 主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式+ by + 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者
(動(dòng)作承受者)

1）主動(dòng)句如何變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句
a.找到動(dòng)作的承受者(常為主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ))作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ).
b.找到謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)閎e + 過(guò)去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu).
c.找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(常為主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ))作 by 的賓語(yǔ).若不必指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可省去 by 短語(yǔ).
d.確定be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).數(shù).
例如: She makes the beautiful kites.
The beautiful kites are made by her. (被動(dòng)句)

2）被動(dòng)句如何變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句.
a.找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(常為被動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ))作主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ).
b.找到be+過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)還原為及物動(dòng)詞原形.
c.找到動(dòng)作的承受者(常為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ))作主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ).
d.確定及物動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).數(shù)(注意)在以上轉(zhuǎn)換中,代詞作主語(yǔ)用主格, 代詞作賓語(yǔ)用賓格.
6.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些動(dòng)詞如:make,see,listen, watch,feel后常跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要帶上to
He made the boy work for him_
→The boy was made to work for him_
7.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中若有雙賓語(yǔ),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí), 通常把指人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ).
His uncle gave him a dictionary yesterday.
→He was given a dictionary by his uncle yesterday.